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5.8 GPIO Guide

This chapter describes the file layout, the 25 public functions, and the single LedBlink example of the GPIO and AFIO support in the N32G033 standard peripheral library. Read the “GPIO and AFIO” chapter of the user manual for pin modes, alternate functions, remap, and EXTI line assignment, and the errata sheet for known chip issues.

5.8.1 Related files

Relative path Purpose
firmware/n32g033_std_periph_driver/inc/n32g033_gpio.h Defines the GPIO_InitType structure and the input/output mode, pull, and alternate-function macros, and declares the 25 GPIO and AFIO configuration and read/write functions
firmware/n32g033_std_periph_driver/src/n32g033_gpio.c Implements those 25 functions: reset and initialization, input and output reads, bit operations and toggle, pin lock, EXTI line selection and clear, alternate-function and remap configuration, and GPIOB drive strength and slew rate
projects/n32g033_EVAL/examples/GPIO/ GPIO example root directory, with 1 example: LedBlink
projects/n32g033_EVAL/examples/GPIO/LedBlink/ Project layout of this example: MDK-ARM/, EWARM/, inc/, src/, and readme.txt
projects/n32g033_EVAL/bsp/ Board support files shared by the examples: the SysTick delay interface in delay.h

5.8.2 API reference

Search API25 functions

The following 25 public functions are listed in the declaration order of n32g033_gpio.h in 6 groups; each entry gives a summary and the original comment above the function in n32g033_gpio.c.

Reset and initialization

GPIO_DeInit, GPIO_DeInitPin, GPIO_InitPeripheral, GPIO_InitStruct

Input and output reads

GPIO_ReadInputDataBit, GPIO_ReadInputData, GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit, GPIO_ReadOutputData

Bit operations and writes

GPIO_SetBits, GPIO_WritePBSC, GPIO_ResetBits, GPIO_WriteBit, GPIO_Write, GPIO_TogglePin

Pin lock and EXTI line configuration

GPIO_ConfigPinLock, GPIO_ConfigEXTILine, GPIO_ClearEXTILine

Alternate function and remap configuration

AFIO_ConfigEXTIFlitEN, GPIO_ConfigPinRemap, AFIO_ConfigADCExternalTrigRemap, AFIO_ConfigSPINSSMode, AFIO_ConfigIOFlitNum, AFIO_DIGEFTEnable

GPIOB drive strength and slew rate

GPIOB_Driver_Set, GPIOB_SlewRate_Set

void GPIO_DeInit(void)Reset the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
Source comment
name   GPIO_DeInit.
fun    Reset the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
param  none
return none
void GPIO_DeInitPin(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint32_t GPIO_Pin)Deinitializes the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
Source comment
name   GPIO_DeInitPin.
fun    Deinitializes the GPIOx peripheral registers to their default reset values.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
          - GPIO_PIN_ALL
return none
note   If IO involves EXTI configuration, the corresponding EXTI line needs to be reset.
void GPIO_InitPeripheral(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, GPIO_InitType* GPIO_InitStruct)Initialize the GPIOx peripheral with the value of the GPIO_InitStruct structure.
Source comment
name   GPIO_InitPeripheral.
fun    Initialize the GPIOx peripheral with the value of the GPIO_InitStruct structure.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  GPIO_InitStructure :
            - pin
               - GPIO_PIN_0
               - GPIO_PIN_1
               - GPIO_PIN_2
               - GPIO_PIN_3
               - GPIO_PIN_4
               - GPIO_PIN_5
               - GPIO_PIN_6
               - GPIO_PIN_7
               - GPIO_PIN_8
               - GPIO_PIN_9
               - GPIO_PIN_10
               - GPIO_PIN_11
               - GPIO_PIN_12
               - GPIO_PIN_13
               - GPIO_PIN_14
               - GPIO_PIN_15
               - GPIO_PIN_ALL
            - GPIO_Mode
               - GPIO_MODE_INPUT
               - GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP
               - GPIO_MODE_AF_PP
               - GPIO_MODE_AF_OD
               - GPIO_MODE_ANALOG
            - GPIO_Pull
               - GPIO_NO_PULL
               - GPIO_PULL_UP
               - GPIO_PULL_DOWN
            - GPIO_Alternate
               - GPIO_AF0
               - GPIO_AF1
               - GPIO_AF2
               - GPIO_AF3
               - GPIO_AF4
               - GPIO_AF5
               - GPIO_AF6
               - GPIO_AF7
               - GPIO_AF8
               - GPIO_AF9
               - GPIO_AF10
               - GPIO_AF11
               - GPIO_AF12
               - GPIO_NO_AF            NO alternate Function mapping
return none
note   PB3/PB4/PB5 can be configured with IO toggle rate and drive capability,
       requiring the call of GPIOB_Driver_Set and GPIOB_SlewRate_Set function.
void GPIO_InitStruct(GPIO_InitType* GPIO_InitStruct)Assign default values to each GPIO_InitType member.
Source comment
name   GPIO_InitStruct.
fun    Assign default values to each GPIO_InitType member.
param  GPIO_InitStructure :
           pointer to GPIO_InitType structure.
return none
uint8_t GPIO_ReadInputDataBit(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)Get the pin status on the specified input port.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ReadInputDataBit.
fun    Get the pin status on the specified input port.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return the pin state on the input port.
uint16_t GPIO_ReadInputData(GPIO_Module* GPIOx)Get the input data on the designated GPIO port.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ReadInputData.
fun    Get the input data on the designated GPIO port.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
return the data value on the GPIO input port.
uint8_t GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)Get the pin status on the specified output port.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ReadOutputDataBit.
fun    Get the pin status on the specified output port.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return the pin state on the output port.
uint16_t GPIO_ReadOutputData(GPIO_Module* GPIOx)Get the output data on the designated GPIO port.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ReadOutputData.
fun    Get the output data on the designated GPIO port.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
return the data value on the GPIO output port.
void GPIO_SetBits(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)Sets the selected data port bits.
Source comment
name   GPIO_SetBits.
fun    Sets the selected data port bits.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return none
void GPIO_WritePBSC(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin,uint8_t bitstatus)Sets the selected data port bits using PBSC.
Source comment
name   GPIO_WritePBSC.
fun    Sets the selected data port bits using PBSC.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
param  bitstatus :
             - Bit_SET
             - Bit_RESET
return none
void GPIO_ResetBits(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)Reset the selected data port bits.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ResetBits.
fun    Reset the selected data port bits.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return none
void GPIO_WriteBit(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin, Bit_OperateType BitCmd)Reset the selected data port bits.
Source comment
name   GPIO_WriteBit.
fun    Reset the selected data port bits.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
param  BitCmd :
          - Bit_RESET
          - Bit_SET
return none

Use note: The fun field in this comment is written as “Reset the selected data port bits.”, which does not match the implementation: the selected pin is set when BitCmd is Bit_SET and reset when it is Bit_RESET; the declaration is on line 235 of n32g033_gpio.h.

void GPIO_Write(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t PortVal)Write data on the designated GPIO data port.
Source comment
name   GPIO_Write.
fun    Write data on the designated GPIO data port.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  data_value :
          the value to be written to the port output data register.
          - 0~0xFFFF
return none
void GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)Toggle the specified port pin level.
Source comment
name   GPIO_TogglePin.
fun    Toggle the specified port pin level.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return none
void GPIO_ConfigPinLock(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)GPIO port lock register configuration.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ConfigPinLock.
fun    GPIO port lock register configuration.
param  GPIOx :
          - GPIOA
          - GPIOB
          - GPIOF
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
return none
void GPIO_ConfigEXTILine(uint8_t PortSource, uint8_t PinSource)Selects the GPIO pin used as EXTI Line. A single EXTI line can only be configured with a single pin.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ConfigEXTILine.
fun    Selects the GPIO pin used as EXTI Line. A single EXTI line can only be configured with a single pin.
param  PortSource :
          - GPIOA_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOB_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOF_PORT_SOURCE
param  PinSource :
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE0
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE1
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE2
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE3
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE4
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE5
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE6
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE7
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE8
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE9
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE10
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE11
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE12
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE13
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE14
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE15
return none
void GPIO_ClearEXTILine( uint8_t LineSource)Clear the GPIO pin used as EXTI Line.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ClearEXTILine.
fun    Clear the GPIO pin used as EXTI Line.
param  LineSource :
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE0
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE1
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE2
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE3
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE4
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE5
          - GPIO_EXTILINE_SOURCE6
return none
void AFIO_ConfigEXTIFlitEN(FunctionalState Cmd)Configure IO filter number in APB clock.
Source comment
name   AFIO_ConfigIOFlitNum.
fun    Configure IO filter number in APB clock.
param  Cmd :
          - ENABLE
          - DISABLE
return none

Use note: The name field in this comment is written as AFIO_ConfigIOFlitNum., which does not match the function name AFIO_ConfigEXTIFlitEN; the declaration is on line 241 of n32g033_gpio.h.

void GPIO_ConfigPinRemap(uint8_t PortSource, uint8_t PinSource, uint32_t AlternateFunction)Pin remapping configuration.
Source comment
name   GPIO_ConfigPinRemap.
fun    Pin remapping configuration.
param  PortSource :
          - GPIOA_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOB_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOF_PORT_SOURCE
param  PinSource :
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE0
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE1
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE2
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE3
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE4
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE5
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE6
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE7
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE8
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE9
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE10
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE11
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE12
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE13
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE14
          - GPIO_PIN_SOURCE15
param  AlternateFunction :
          - GPIO_AF0
          - GPIO_AF1
          - GPIO_AF2
          - GPIO_AF3
          - GPIO_AF4
          - GPIO_AF5
          - GPIO_AF6
          - GPIO_AF7
          - GPIO_AF8
          - GPIO_AF9
          - GPIO_AF10
          - GPIO_AF11
          - GPIO_AF12
          - GPIO_NO_AF            NO alternate Function mapping
return none
void AFIO_ConfigADCExternalTrigRemap(AFIO_ADC_Trig_RemapType ADC_trigger)Configurate ADC external trigger.
Source comment
name   AFIO_ConfigADCExternalTrigRemap.
fun    Configurate ADC external trigger.
param  ADC_trigger :
          specifies the external trigger line be configured.
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_0
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_1
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_2
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_3
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_4
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_5
          - AFIO_ADC_TRIG_EXTI_6
return none
void AFIO_ConfigSPINSSMode(uint32_t AFIO_SPIx_NSS, uint32_t SpiNssMode)Selects the alternate function SPIx NSS mode.
Source comment
name   AFIO_ConfigSPINSSMode.
fun    Selects the alternate function SPIx NSS mode.
param  AFIO_SPIx_NSS :
          choose which SPI configuration.
          - AFIO_SPI1_NSS
          - AFIO_SPI2_NSS
param  SpiNssMode :
          specifies the SPI_NSS mode to be configured.
          - AFIO_SPI_NSS_HIGH_IMPEDANCE
          - AFIO_SPI_NSS_High_LEVEL
return none
void AFIO_ConfigIOFlitNum(uint8_t Flit_Num)Configure IO filter number in APB clock.
Source comment
name   AFIO_ConfigIOFlitNum.
fun    Configure IO filter number in APB clock.
param  Flit_Num :
        - 0~7
return none
void AFIO_DIGEFTEnable(uint8_t PortSource, uint16_t Pin, FunctionalState Cmd)Enables or disable digital EFT of port pins.
Source comment
name   AFIO_DIGEFTEnable.
fun    Enables or disable digital EFT of port pins.
param  PortSource :
          - GPIOA_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOB_PORT_SOURCE
          - GPIOF_PORT_SOURCE
param  Pin :
          - GPIO_PIN_0
          - GPIO_PIN_1
          - GPIO_PIN_2
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
          - GPIO_PIN_6
          - GPIO_PIN_7
          - GPIO_PIN_8
          - GPIO_PIN_9
          - GPIO_PIN_10
          - GPIO_PIN_11
          - GPIO_PIN_12
          - GPIO_PIN_13
          - GPIO_PIN_14
          - GPIO_PIN_15
          - GPIO_PIN_ALL
param  Cmd :
          - ENABLE
          - DISABLE
return none
void GPIOB_Driver_Set(uint32_t current, uint32_t GPIO_Pin)GPIOB driver configuration.
Source comment
name   GPIOB_Driver_Set.
fun    GPIOB driver configuration.
param  current
          - GPIOB_HIGH_DREIVE
          - GPIOB_LOW_DREIVE
param  GPIO_Pin
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
return none
void GPIOB_SlewRate_Set(uint32_t slew_rate, uint32_t GPIO_Pin)GPIOB slew rate configuration.
Source comment
name   GPIOB_SlewRate_Set.
fun    GPIOB slew rate configuration.
param  slew_rate
          - GPIOB_SLEW_RATE_FAST
          - GPIOB_SLEW_RATE_SLOW
param  GPIO_Pin
          - GPIO_PIN_3
          - GPIO_PIN_4
          - GPIO_PIN_5
return none

5.8.3 Demo descriptions

This section describes the single GPIO example: LedBlink drives the LEDs from three GPIO pins and toggles and switches them on a fixed rhythm, showing initialization, bit operations, and port writes.

Example directory: projects/n32g033_EVAL/examples/GPIO/LedBlink/

Enable the GPIO clock→Configure the three LED pins as push-pull outputs→Light the three LEDs→Toggle and switch each LED from the main loop with a delay

Item Source analysis
Function Drives the LEDs on PA6, PA7, and PB1 and toggles and switches them on a fixed rhythm, showing bit operations and port writes.
Source files src/main.c holds the four helpers LedInit, LedOn, LedOff, and LedBlink plus the main loop;
inc/main.h defines the port and pin macros for the three LEDs;
the project files are in MDK-ARM/ and EWARM/, and readme.txt gives the configuration and test steps.
Key configuration LED1 on PA6, LED2 on PA7, and LED3 on PB1, all push-pull outputs;
the system clock is 64 MHz;
each main-loop step waits 1000 ms.
Program and data path main -> LedInit enables the GPIO clock and initializes the three pins as GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP -> LedOn lights the three LEDs -> the main loop switches each LED with LedBlink, LedOff, and LedOn and waits with SysTick_Delay_Ms on each step.
Main APIs GPIO_InitStruct, GPIO_InitPeripheral, GPIO_SetBits, GPIO_ResetBits, GPIO_TogglePin
Verification Compile, download, and reset;
on the board the three LEDs D1, D2, and D3 blink in turn.
Use note The development environment is KEIL MDK-ARM V5.34.0.0 or IAR EWARM 8.50.1 on the N32G033K8Q7-1_STB V1.0 evaluation board;
the system clock is 64 MHz.
Core-code walkthrough and porting

The example wraps LED initialization and the on, off, and toggle actions into four helpers, then combines them in the main loop to blink the LEDs.

Data path: LedInit enables the GPIO clock and configures the pins as push-pull outputs with GPIO_InitStruct and GPIO_InitPeripheral → LedOn lights them through GPIO_SetBits → the main-loop LedBlink, LedOff, and LedOn change the pin states through GPIO_TogglePin, GPIO_ResetBits, and GPIO_SetBits → SysTick_Delay_Ms sets the rhythm

1. The LED initialization wraps structure setup and peripheral configuration. It assigns defaults, sets the pin and push-pull mode, and then applies the configuration.

src/main.csrc/main.c · LedInit
void LedInit(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)
{
    GPIO_InitType GPIO_InitStructure;

    /* Enable the GPIO Clock */
    RCC_EnableAPBPeriphClk(RCC_APB_PERIPH_GPIO, ENABLE);

    /* Configure the GPIO pin */
    if (Pin <= GPIO_PIN_ALL)
    {
        GPIO_InitStruct(&GPIO_InitStructure);
        GPIO_InitStructure.Pin = Pin;
        GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
        GPIO_InitPeripheral(GPIOx, &GPIO_InitStructure);
    }
}

Call GPIO_InitStruct to assign defaults before you change GPIO_Mode and GPIO_Pull; otherwise a leftover value can put the pin into another mode.

2. The bit-operation helpers map on, off, and toggle to the library functions. Each helper acts on one pin and leaves the other pins of the same port unchanged.

src/main.csrc/main.c · LedOn
void LedOn(GPIO_Module *GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)
{
    GPIO_SetBits(GPIOx, Pin);
}
src/main.csrc/main.c · LedOff
void LedOff(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)
{
    GPIO_ResetBits(GPIOx, Pin);
}
src/main.csrc/main.c · LedBlink
void LedBlink(GPIO_Module* GPIOx, uint16_t Pin)
{
    GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOx, Pin);
}

LED1 and LED2 share GPIOA, and the bit operations act per pin, so these helpers can be reused directly in a multi-LED design.

3. The main loop switches each LED with a delay. Each step waits 1000 ms, so changing the delay changes the blinking rhythm.

src/main.csrc/main.c · main
    while (1)
    {
        /*LED1_PORT, LED2_PORT and LED3_PORT are the same port group.  
         *Enable Led2 blink and not effect Led1 and Led2 by Exclusive-OR operation.*/
        LedBlink(LED2_PORT, LED2_PIN);

        /*LED1_PORT, LED2_PORT and LED3_PORT are the same port group.
         *Turn Led3 off and not effect other ports by PBC register, correspond to PORT_GROUP->POD &= ~LED3_PIN*/
        LedOff(LED3_PORT, LED3_PIN);
        /* Insert delay */
        SysTick_Delay_Ms(1000);

        /*Turn Led1 off and not effect other ports by PBC register, correspond to PORT_GROUP->POD &= ~LED1_PIN*/
        LedOff(LED1_PORT, LED1_PIN);
        /* Insert delay */
        SysTick_Delay_Ms(1000);

        /*Turn on Led1 and Led3*/
        LedOn(LED1_PORT, LED1_PIN);
        LedOn(LED3_PORT, LED3_PIN);
        /* Insert delay */
        SysTick_Delay_Ms(1000);
    }

The loop toggles LED2 and switches LED1 and LED3 on and off, so split different indication logic along those lines when porting.

Corresponding source files: src/main.c, inc/main.h, firmware/n32g033_std_periph_driver/inc/n32g033_gpio.h

5.8.4 Notes and troubleshooting

Scenario Check & action Source
Register access width The GPIO and AFIO chapter of the user manual states that the GPIO registers must be accessed as 32-bit words and that 16-bit halfword and 8-bit byte access is not supported;
avoid byte or halfword reads and writes of the GPIO registers when porting.		 User manual
Default mode after reset The GPIO and AFIO chapter of the user manual states that, except for NRST, the SWD pins, and PF2, every GPIO is in analog mode after reset;
configure a pin explicitly before you use it as a digital input or output.		 User manual
A locked pin cannot be changed The GPIO and AFIO chapter of the user manual states that the lock sequence is write 1, write 0, write 1, read 0, and that a locked pin keeps its configuration until reset;
do not lock a pin that must stay reconfigurable.		 User manual
Pin grouping of the EXTI lines The GPIO and AFIO chapter of the user manual states that each EXTI line maps to a group of pins and only one of them can be selected at a time;
confirm the target pin matches the EXTI line number before you select it.		 User manual
Port direction for external interrupts The Interrupts and events chapter of the user manual states that a port must work in input mode to generate an interrupt;
do not forget the input mode when you use EXTI triggering.		 User manual

Errata sheet V1.0.0 (2025.9.25) covers revision A silicon and lists no GPIO entries.

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